The strengthening of centralised power manifested itself in many ways, with localism disappearing with increasing speed in the second half of the 19th century, only to be followed by the emergence of mass communication and the birth of the modern state, eventually implying that all local matters had to be resolved on the basis of national customs, laws and, above all, abstract and total ideologies. Everything - in the literal sense - changed and the state totalising its monopoly of violence, among many other things, was one important element of this everything. The state told people: no more can you or the local structures you maintain do anything that would qualify as violence when it comes to protecting yourselves. The state will protect you, although many times this will not take place there and then when you are attacked, but the perpetrator will be found and punished subsequently.
Authorities alone have the right to use physical force. This works in a society that is largely homogeneous in the cultural and religious sense, and does not have too many outcasts. At the time of rapid urbanisation, old towns and communities, and the masses flowing or being forced into cities still retained the discipline of peasant localism and maintained it over two or three generations albeit in a weakening form. Over the past fifty years, however, fewer and fewer people equipped with this adaptability have come to cities in Europe.
This is completely incomprehensible for people coming from outside of Europe. They have never heard of the state's monopoly on violence, of impersonal officialdom. They come from a world where the strong are right and they must demonstrate their strength to this end. Failing to show that you are the stronger is the automatic admission that the other is the dominant one
When ordinary European citizens meet the police and authorities of their country, they have the opportunity to deal with matters in an interaction of equals. However, two people being equal exists only in European culture. And even here, this has existed barely for fifty or seventy-five years. Everywhere else in the world, people are either above or below each other by default. An Arab youth does not experience a traffic stop as an interaction in which he is an equal partner, as cooperation for traffic and public safety, but as a humiliation of a Muslim by an inferior white man. This is a feeling that an average thug can also feel in Hungary, for example, but statistically speaking, such things very rarely escalate into violence. Of course, the proportions can only be estimated, but only a small proportion of gypsy groups in Hungary have built up a counterculture, and it is much less brutal than the one in France. There, millions of young non-French men are involved.




















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